1. Water absorption: The seed absorbs water, which softens the seed coat and activates enzymes.
2. Respiration: The seed starts to respire, using the stored food reserves for energy.
3. Root emergence: The radicle, or root, emerges from the seed, anchoring the plant and absorbing water and nutrients.
4. Shoot emergence: The plumule, or shoot, emerges from the seed, pushing upward towards the light.
5. Leaf development: The first true leaves develop, enabling the plant to photosynthesize and produce its own food.
Factors affecting germination:
* Temperature: Each seed species has an optimal temperature range for germination.
* Moisture: Water is essential for seed swelling, enzyme activation, and nutrient transport.
* Oxygen: Seeds need oxygen for respiration.
* Light: Some seeds require light for germination, while others germinate in darkness.
In summary, a seed sprouts into a plant when it has access to the right conditions for germination, including water, oxygen, and the appropriate temperature.
