1. During development:
* The endodermis is the innermost layer of the cortex. So, outside the endodermis during root development would be the cortex.
* The cortex is surrounded by the endodermis and the pericycle, which is the outer layer of the vascular cylinder.
2. In a mature root:
* The endodermis is directly surrounded by the pericycle.
* The pericycle is responsible for initiating lateral root development. So, the pericycle is what is "outside" the endodermis that contributes to vertical root growth.
3. Beyond the pericycle:
* The vascular cylinder (containing xylem and phloem) is located inside the pericycle.
* The root cap is located at the tip of the root, protecting the root meristem as it grows.
Therefore, the most accurate answer would be the pericycle, as it is the layer directly surrounding the endodermis and is responsible for initiating lateral root development, which contributes to the overall growth of the vertical root.
Let me know if you have any further questions!
