1. Interphase: This is the longest phase of the cell cycle, where the cell grows, copies its DNA, and prepares for division. It is further divided into three subphases:

* G1 phase (First Gap): The cell grows and synthesizes proteins and organelles.

* S phase (Synthesis): The cell replicates its DNA, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete copy of the genome.

* G2 phase (Second Gap): The cell continues to grow and prepares for mitosis or meiosis.

2. M phase (Mitotic phase): This is the shortest phase, where the cell divides its nucleus (karyokinesis) and cytoplasm (cytokinesis) to form two daughter cells. It includes:

* Mitosis: The process of nuclear division, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete copy of the chromosomes.

* Cytokinesis: The division of the cytoplasm, physically separating the two daughter cells.