1. Excitability: Neurons are highly excitable cells. This means they can rapidly change their membrane potential in response to stimuli. This change in membrane potential can lead to the generation of electrical signals called action potentials, which are the primary way neurons communicate with each other.

2. Conductivity: Neurons can conduct electrical signals over long distances. This is due to the unique structure of their axons, which are long, slender projections that extend from the neuron's cell body. The axon is surrounded by a myelin sheath, which acts as an insulator and speeds up the conduction of electrical signals.

These two properties are essential for the function of neurons in the nervous system. Excitability allows neurons to respond to stimuli and generate electrical signals. Conductivity allows neurons to transmit these signals over long distances, enabling communication between different parts of the nervous system.