1. Production of gametes (sex cells):
* Males: Gonads are called testes and produce sperm cells.
* Females: Gonads are called ovaries and produce egg cells (ova).
2. Production of sex hormones:
* Males: Testes produce testosterone, which is responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics like facial hair, deepening of voice, and muscle growth.
* Females: Ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone, which are responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics like breast development and menstrual cycles.
3. Regulation of reproductive processes:
* Males: Gonads regulate sperm production and the development of male reproductive organs.
* Females: Gonads regulate ovulation, the menstrual cycle, and the development of female reproductive organs.
In summary: Gonads play a crucial role in sexual differentiation, reproduction, and the development of secondary sexual characteristics in both males and females.
