1. Metabolism: This encompasses all the chemical reactions that occur within an organism to sustain life. It includes processes like:
* Anabolism: Building complex molecules from simpler ones (e.g., protein synthesis).
* Catabolism: Breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones (e.g., digestion).
* Energy production: Generating energy through processes like cellular respiration.
* Waste removal: Eliminating byproducts of metabolism.
2. Homeostasis: This refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes. This includes regulating:
* Temperature: Maintaining a stable body temperature.
* pH: Keeping the body's fluids at the appropriate acidity or alkalinity.
* Fluid balance: Maintaining proper hydration levels.
* Blood sugar: Regulating the amount of glucose in the bloodstream.
When an organism dies, these processes cease due to the breakdown of cellular functions. The lack of metabolic activity leads to the cessation of energy production and the inability to maintain homeostasis, ultimately resulting in the decomposition of the organism.
