Here's how it works:

* DNA contains genes: Genes are specific segments of DNA that hold the instructions for building and maintaining an organism. Each gene codes for a particular protein.

* Proteins determine traits: Proteins are the workhorses of the cell. They perform a wide range of functions, including:

* Building and repairing tissues

* Catalyzing chemical reactions

* Transporting molecules

* Signaling between cells

* Traits are expressed: The specific proteins produced by a gene ultimately influence the traits an organism expresses.

For example:

* A gene for eye color might code for a protein that produces brown pigment.

* A gene for height might code for a protein involved in bone growth.

Important Note: While DNA holds the code, the environment also plays a role in how traits are expressed.