1. Interphase: This is the longest phase, where the cell grows, duplicates its DNA, and prepares for division. It is further divided into three subphases:

* G1 phase (First Gap): The cell grows and carries out its normal metabolic functions.

* S phase (Synthesis): DNA replication occurs, resulting in two identical copies of the cell's genome.

* G2 phase (Second Gap): The cell continues to grow and synthesizes proteins needed for cell division.

2. M phase (Mitosis): This is the phase where the cell physically divides into two daughter cells, each with a complete copy of the genome. It is further divided into four stages:

* Prophase: The chromosomes condense and become visible, and the nuclear envelope breaks down.

* Metaphase: The chromosomes align at the center of the cell (the metaphase plate).

* Anaphase: The sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.

* Telophase: The chromosomes reach the poles, the nuclear envelope reforms around them, and the cytoplasm divides (cytokinesis) to form two daughter cells.