The part of the animal brain responsible for basic functions like breathing and pulse is the brainstem.

Here's a breakdown:

* Brainstem: This is the most primitive part of the brain, connecting the spinal cord to the cerebrum. It controls essential life-sustaining functions like:

* Breathing: The medulla oblongata, a part of the brainstem, controls the rate and depth of breathing.

* Heart rate: The medulla oblongata also regulates heart rate and blood pressure.

* Sleep-wake cycles: The brainstem helps regulate sleep cycles and alertness.

* Swallowing and vomiting: The brainstem controls these reflexes.

* Muscle tone: The brainstem helps maintain muscle tone.

While the brainstem controls these basic functions, it doesn't work in isolation. It receives input from other parts of the brain and the body and integrates this information to regulate these vital functions.