1. Seminal Vesicles:
- Produce about 60% of the volume of semen.
- Secrete a viscous, alkaline fluid rich in:
- Fructose: Provides energy for sperm motility.
- Prostaglandins: Stimulate smooth muscle contractions in the female reproductive tract, aiding sperm movement.
- Other substances: Including fibrinogen (for temporary clotting of semen), enzymes, and proteins.
2. Prostate Gland:
- Contributes about 30% of semen volume.
- Secretes a milky, slightly acidic fluid containing:
- Enzymes: Including prostate-specific antigen (PSA), which breaks down fibrinogen, allowing the semen to liquefy after ejaculation.
- Citric acid: A source of energy for sperm.
- Other substances: Including zinc, calcium, and phosphate.
3. Bulbourethral Glands (Cowper's Glands):
- Secrete a clear, viscous mucus before ejaculation.
- This mucus:
- Neutralizes any acidic urine remaining in the urethra.
- Lubricates the urethra for sperm passage.
In summary:
The accessory glands work together to provide a complex mixture of fluids that:
- Nourishes sperm: By providing energy (fructose), proteins, and other nutrients.
- Protects sperm: By providing an alkaline environment and lubricants, as well as antibacterial substances.
- Enhances sperm motility: By facilitating movement through the female reproductive tract.
- Facilitates ejaculation: By providing lubrication and clotting factors.
These functions are essential for male fertility and successful reproduction.
