Basic Research:
1. Albert Einstein (1879-1955): Theoretical physicist known for his theory of general relativity and contributions to quantum mechanics.
2. Marie Curie (1867-1934): Physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity and discovered the elements polonium and radium.
3. Charles Darwin (1809-1882): Naturalist and geologist who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection.
4. Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958): Chemist and X-ray crystallographer whose work contributed to the understanding of the structure of DNA.
5. Alan Turing (1912-1954): Mathematician and computer scientist who developed the concept of the universal Turing machine and made significant advancements in artificial intelligence.
Applied Research:
1. Thomas Edison (1847-1931): Inventor and engineer known for his contributions to electricity, such as the development of the light bulb, phonograph, and motion picture camera.
2. Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922): Inventor and scientist who developed the first practical telephone and founded the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T).
3. Nikola Tesla (1856-1943): Inventor, engineer, and futurist who made significant contributions to the design of electrical systems and the development of alternating current (AC) power.
4. William Shockley (1910-1989): Physicist and engineer who co-invented the transistor, revolutionizing the electronics industry and paving the way for smaller and more powerful electronic devices.
5. Jane Goodall (1934-Present): Primatologist and anthropologist known for her extensive study of chimpanzees in the wild and her contributions to understanding primate behavior.
These scientists represent a fraction of the many individuals who have dedicated their lives to scientific research and made significant contributions to advancing our knowledge and understanding of the world.
