- Originated in the Mesozoic Era

- Diversified during the Cenozoic Era

- Became the dominant land animals

- Evolved into a wide variety of forms

- Insectivores

- Rodents

- Carnivores

- Primates

- Others

Birds

- Originated in the Mesozoic Era

- Diversified during the Cenozoic Era

- Became the dominant flying animals

- Evolved into a wide variety of forms

- Passerines (perching birds)

- Non-passerines

- Birds of prey

- Waterfowl

- Others

Reptiles

- Originated in the Mesozoic Era

- Diversified during the Cenozoic Era

- Became less dominant compared to Mesozoic Era

- Evolved into various surviving groups

- Snakes

- Lizards

- Turtles

- Crocodilians

Amphibians

- Originated in the Paleozoic Era

- Continued to diversify during the Cenozoic Era

- However, less dominant compared to previous eras

- Evolved into various surviving groups

- Frogs

- Toads

- Salamanders

- Caecilians

Fish

- Originated in the Paleozoic Era

- Continued to diversify during the Cenozoic Era

- Remained abundant and diverse in various aquatic ecosystems

- Evolved into a wide variety of forms

- Bony fish

- Perciformes (perch-like fish)

- Cypriniformes (carp-like fish)

- Others

- Cartilaginous fish

- Sharks

- Rays

- Others