1. Anabolism: This phase involves the synthesis or building up of complex molecules from simpler ones. It requires energy input and leads to the storage of energy in the form of chemical bonds. Examples of anabolic processes include protein synthesis, glycogen synthesis, and fatty acid synthesis.
2. Catabolism: This phase involves the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy in the process. Catabolism provides the energy needed for anabolic processes and other cellular activities. Examples of catabolic processes include cellular respiration (the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP), glycolysis (the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate), and proteolysis (the breakdown of proteins into amino acids).
These two phases, anabolism, and catabolism, work together to maintain cellular homeostasis and sustain life processes.
