* Thick, leathery leaves: these help to reduce water loss through transpiration.

* Small, needle-like shape: this also helps to reduce water loss.

* Hairy leaves: these help to protect the leaves from the sun and wind.

* Glands on the leaves: these excrete essential oils that repel insects and other pests.

Stems:

* Woody stems: these help to support the plant and provide structure.

* Bark: this helps to protect the stems from damage.

* Lenticels: these are small pores on the stems that allow air to enter and escape.

Roots:

* Deep taproots: these help to anchor the plant in the ground and allow it to access water from deep below the surface.

* Lateral roots: these spread out near the surface of the soil and help to absorb nutrients.

* Root nodules: these contain bacteria that help to fix nitrogen from the air and convert it into a form that the plant can use.

Flowers:

* Nectar-producing flowers: these attract birds, insects, and other animals that help to pollinate the flowers.

* Brightly colored flowers: these help to attract pollinators.

* Spiky flowers: these help to protect the flowers from being eaten by animals.

Fruits:

* Dry, woody fruits: these help to protect the seeds from predators.

* Seeds with wings: these help the seeds to disperse over long distances.

* Seeds with spines: these help to protect the seeds from being eaten by animals.