- Sunlight: For photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy

- Water: For cellular processes and photosynthesis

- Carbon dioxide: For photosynthesis

- Minerals: Such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, for growth and development

- Appropriate Temperature: Depending on the plant species

Animals

- Food: For energy and growth

- Water: For cellular processes and digestion

- Oxygen: For respiration, the process by which animals use oxygen to produce energy

- Shelter: To protect them from the elements and predators

- Appropriate Temperature: Depending on the animal species