1. Energy: All organisms need a source of energy to fuel their activities. This energy can come from food, sunlight, or other chemical sources.

2. Water: Water is essential for all living things. It is used for transporting nutrients, regulating body temperature, and removing waste products.

3. Oxygen: Most organisms need oxygen to breathe. Oxygen is used to convert food into energy.

4. Habitat: All organisms need a place to live that provides them with the right conditions to survive. This includes shelter from the elements, access to food and water, and protection from predators.