Law of Segregation: During gamete formation, the alleles for a gene segregate (separate) from each other and randomly unite with alleles of the other parent during fertilization, resulting in genetic diversity in offspring.

Law of Recombination: During meiosis, genetic recombination occurs through crossing over, leading to the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. This results in the creation of new combinations of alleles in the gametes and increases genetic diversity in offspring.