1. Cellular respiration: The process by which cells convert energy from food into ATP, the cell's main energy currency.

2. Protein synthesis: The process by which cells create proteins, which are essential for a variety of cellular functions.

3. DNA replication: The process by which cells copy their DNA so that they can divide and grow.

4. RNA transcription: The process by which cells create RNA, which is a copy of DNA that is used to direct protein synthesis.

5. Cell division: The process by which cells divide into two new cells.

6. Gene expression: The process by which cells control which genes are turned on or off, which determines which proteins are made.