In the human body, meiosis primarily takes place in the cells of the gonads, specifically in the testes of males and the ovaries of females. These reproductive organs are responsible for producing sperm and egg cells, respectively.
During meiosis, diploid cells (cells with two copies of each chromosome) undergo two successive divisions, known as meiosis I and meiosis II, to produce haploid cells. This process ensures that each gamete contains half the genetic material required for fertilisation and the formation of a new organism with the correct number of chromosomes.
In contrast to meiosis, most other cells in the human body undergo mitosis, a different type of cell division. Mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells that have the same chromosome number as the parent cell. It is responsible for growth, tissue repair, and the maintenance of the body.