The brainstem, also known as the lower brain, connects the brain to the spinal cord. It consists of the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the midbrain. The medulla oblongata controls several essential bodily functions, such as heart rate, breathing, and swallowing. The pons relays messages between the brain and the medulla and also helps to control breathing. The midbrain is involved in several functions, including motor control, vision, and hearing.

Cerebellum:

The cerebellum is located at the back of the brain, below the cerebrum. It is responsible for coordinating and regulating movement. The cerebellum helps to maintain balance, posture, and coordination of voluntary movements. It also plays a role in motor learning and memory.