The primary component of plant cell walls is cellulose, a polysaccharide comprising repeating units of glucose. Cellulose molecules aggregate into microfibrils, further bundled to form larger structures known as cellulose macrofibrils. These macrofibrils are embedded within a matrix of hemicellulose, pectin, and lignin. Hemicellulose is a diverse group of polysaccharides that crosslink cellulose microfibrils, providing flexibility and strength to the cell wall. Pectin is a complex polysaccharide that forms a gel-like substance, contributing to cell adhesion and water retention. Lignin, a phenolic polymer, is primarily found in the secondary cell walls of woody plants and provides rigidity and waterproofing. Overall, the composition of cell walls varies depending on the plant species and the specific tissue type, with variations in the relative amounts and types of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and lignin.