Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells that are responsible for producing energy currency of the cell- ATP. They have a double membrane structure with the inner membrane highly folded into structures called cristae. These cristae increase the surface area available for protein complexesinvolved in oxidative phosphorylation, the final stage of cellular respiration where most ATP is produced.

Each mitochondrion contains its DNA (mtDNA) and ribosomes, which enables them to self-replicate. Therefore, mitochondria are considered the powerhouse of the cell, crucial for energy production and maintaining cellular function.