- Target cells: Located in distant parts of the body.
- Transport: Requires the circulatory system (blood) to reach target cells.
- Effect: Can have widespread effects on various organs and tissues simultaneously.
Paracrines:
- Target cells: Cells in the immediate vicinity (nearby cells) of the releasing cell.
- Transport: Diffusion through the extracellular fluid.
- Effect: Act on neighboring cells without entering the bloodstream.
Autocrines:
- Target cells: The releasing cells themselves.
- Transport: Released directly into the extracellular space and bind to receptors on the same cell.
- Effect: Regulate their own activities or functions in an autocrine manner.