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  • Circulating Hormones vs. Paracrine & Autocrine Signaling: Target Cells & Effects
    Circulating hormones:

    - Target cells: Located in distant parts of the body.

    - Transport: Requires the circulatory system (blood) to reach target cells.

    - Effect: Can have widespread effects on various organs and tissues simultaneously.

    Paracrines:

    - Target cells: Cells in the immediate vicinity (nearby cells) of the releasing cell.

    - Transport: Diffusion through the extracellular fluid.

    - Effect: Act on neighboring cells without entering the bloodstream.

    Autocrines:

    - Target cells: The releasing cells themselves.

    - Transport: Released directly into the extracellular space and bind to receptors on the same cell.

    - Effect: Regulate their own activities or functions in an autocrine manner.

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