1) Deoxyribose:

Deoxyribose is a sugar molecule that forms the backbone of the DNA molecule. It consists of a five-carbon sugar with a hydroxyl group attached to the second carbon atom. Deoxyribose differs from ribose, which is found in RNA, by lacking an oxygen atom on the second carbon.

2) Phosphate:

Phosphate is a negatively charged inorganic molecule that forms the "sides" of the DNA molecule. Phosphate groups are attached to the deoxyribose sugars, creating a repeating sugar-phosphate backbone. The negatively charged phosphate groups give DNA its overall negative charge, which is important for maintaining the structure and stability of the molecule.

3) Nitrogenous Bases:

Nitrogenous bases are organic molecules that contain nitrogen atoms and are essential for storing genetic information. There are four different types of nitrogenous bases found in DNA: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). These bases pair with each other through hydrogen bonding, forming base pairs. Adenine always pairs with thymine, while guanine pairs with cytosine. The specific sequence of these base pairs along the DNA molecule encodes genetic information.

Together, deoxyribose, phosphate, and nitrogenous bases form the basic building blocks of DNA. The arrangement of these components within the DNA molecule gives rise to its double helix structure and allows for the storage and transmission of genetic information, which is essential for all living organisms.