The main characteristic of gymnosperm seeds is that they are "naked". This means that they are not enclosed within an ovary or fruit, as is the case with angiosperms. Instead, the seeds of gymnosperms are borne on the surface of scales or bracts.

- Gymnosperm seeds may be winged, which aids in dispersal by the wind.

- Their seeds also have a hard coat, which helps to protect the embryo from damage.

- The most common gymnosperms include conifers, such as pines, firs, and spruces, as well as cycads, ginkgoes, and gnetophytes.