- The type of learning task influences how the brain processes and integrates new information.

- Active learning, by exploring and manipulating an environment, was more effective than passive learning, by observing another, at boosting brain cell production in the hippocampus.

- Adult brains can change both their structure and function via learning-related experiences, challenging the idea that mature brains cannot alter their circuitry.

Why it matters

- The findings support the idea that the brain is a dynamic organ capable of rewiring connections throughout life, and that the method of learning can significantly impact how memories form.

- By uncovering the mechanisms behind how different types of learning influence the brain, the research paves the way for developing more effective learning strategies.

- The study may also shed light on understanding and potential treatments for memory loss and cognitive decline associated with aging or conditions such as Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract

Whether the type of learning experience affects adult neurogenesis and subsequent memory function has remained a subject of considerable debate. To address this question, we compared neurogenesis in young-adult male zebra finches learning their song by either actively practicing the song themselves (self-learning) or by passively listening to a tutor's song (social learning). We found that self-learning led to a significantly higher rate of neurogenesis than social learning, accompanied by enhanced spatial coding of the song in the hippocampus. Furthermore, in adult zebra finches, neurogenesis was required for the temporal structuring of the song's acoustic features. These results indicate that active learning is a more potent driver of adult neurogenesis than passive learning, with a consequent impact on the organization of sound features crucial for successful vocal communication and learning.