The domestic chicken is a direct descendant of the Red Junglefowl, which is found in South and Southeast Asia. The exact time of domestication is not known, but recent genetic studies suggest that chickens may have been domesticated as early as 10,000 BC in Southeast Asia.

Wild junglefowl were initially taken into captivity for cockfighting or food. Over time, they were selectively bred for increased meat and egg production, resulting in the distinct characteristics of today's domestic chickens.

Genetic analysis reveals multiple independent domestication events, with birds originating from Thailand and India contributing to the ancestry of modern chicken breeds. This supports the theory of chickens being domesticated in different regions of Asia.

Excavations in China have uncovered chicken bones dating back to 6000 BC, indicating an early presence of domesticated chickens in the region.

The spread of chickens to other parts of the world occurred through human trade and migrations. Chickens were brought to Europe by the Romans, and to the Americas by Spanish explorers in the 15th century.