By Shelley Frost | Updated Aug 30, 2022

Three‑dimensional models of the solar system are an engaging way for students of all ages to visualise the relative sizes and orbits of the planets. Using inexpensive Styrofoam spheres and basic craft supplies, you can create a scientifically accurate model that highlights planetary distances, colors, and sizes. Follow this expert‑approved, easy‑to‑implement process to bring the solar system to life in your classroom or home.

Step 1: Prepare the Space

Paint a 36‑inch square cardboard base in a deep blue to emulate outer space. Let it dry completely before proceeding.

Step 2: Select and Label the Spheres

Use Styrofoam balls of the following diameters to represent each celestial body:

• Sun – 6 in
• Mercury – 1 in
• Venus – 1½ in
• Earth – 1½ in
• Mars – 1¼ in
• Jupiter – 4 in
• Saturn – 3 in
• Uranus – 2½ in
• Neptune – 2 in
• Pluto – 1¼ in

Label each ball accordingly to avoid confusion during assembly.

Step 3: Paint the Planets

Apply acrylic paint to match each planet’s real‑world hue:

• Sun – yellow
• Mercury – orange
• Venus – yellow‑ish white
• Earth – blue and green
• Mars – reddish
• Jupiter – orange‑brown
• Saturn – light yellow
• Uranus – pale blue
• Neptune – pale blue
• Pluto – light brown

Allow the paint to dry thoroughly to prevent smudging.

Step 4: Craft Saturn’s Rings

Roll modeling clay into a long, thin rope. Anchor one end with a bead of hot glue around Saturn’s equator, then press the clay into place to form the iconic ring system.

Step 5: Anchor the Sun

Using a low‑heat hot glue gun, attach a small bead of glue to the bottom of the sun sphere and press it onto the center of the cardboard base.

Step 6: Draw Orbital Paths

Sketch concentric circles around the sun to represent each planet’s orbit, remembering that Pluto’s path is a slightly elongated ellipse intersecting Neptune’s. Paint these lines white once you’re satisfied with their placement.

Step 7: Mount the Planets

Starting with Mercury and moving outward, glue each sphere onto its corresponding orbit. For a more authentic layout, space the planets evenly along their paths rather than lining them up side‑by‑side.

Step 8: Add Planet Labels

Print or write labels for each planet and attach them adjacent to the 3‑D models on the base.

Materials Needed

• 36‑inch square cardboard
• Styrofoam spheres (sizes listed above)
• Acrylic paint and brushes
• Modeling clay
• Hot glue gun and glue sticks
• Marker or printed labels