* Perseverance rover (NASA, USA): Landed in February 2021. It's exploring Jezero Crater, searching for signs of ancient life and collecting samples for future return to Earth. It's also carrying the Ingenuity helicopter, the first aircraft to fly on another planet.
* Curiosity rover (NASA, USA): Landed in August 2012. It's exploring Gale Crater, studying the Martian climate and geology, and searching for signs of past habitability.
* Insight lander (NASA, USA): Landed in November 2018. It's studying the Martian interior, including its core, mantle, and crust.
* Tianwen-1 orbiter and Zhurong rover (CNSA, China): The orbiter arrived in February 2021, and the rover landed in May 2021. They are exploring Utopia Planitia, studying the Martian geology and atmosphere.
Additionally, there are several inactive probes on the surface of Mars:
* Opportunity rover (NASA, USA): Landed in January 2004 and operated for over 14 years before communication was lost in 2018.
* Spirit rover (NASA, USA): Landed in January 2004 and operated for over six years before communication was lost in 2010.
* Phoenix lander (NASA, USA): Landed in May 2008 and operated for five months before communication was lost.
* Viking 1 and 2 landers (NASA, USA): Landed in 1976 and operated for several years, conducting experiments on the Martian soil and atmosphere.
* Sojourner rover (NASA, USA): Landed in July 1997 as part of the Pathfinder mission, exploring the surface of Ares Vallis for three months.
Furthermore, several spacecraft are orbiting Mars:
* Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO, NASA, USA): Launched in 2005. It's mapping the Martian surface, studying its atmosphere, and searching for evidence of past water.
* Mars Odyssey orbiter (NASA, USA): Launched in 2001. It's studying the Martian surface, atmosphere, and interior.
* ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (ESA, Russia): Launched in 2016. It's studying the Martian atmosphere, particularly the composition of trace gases.
* Maven orbiter (NASA, USA): Launched in 2013. It's studying the Martian atmosphere, particularly its interaction with the solar wind.
* Hope orbiter (UAE): Launched in 2020. It's studying the Martian atmosphere, particularly its climate and weather.
This list only includes the most notable probes. Many other missions, including landers, rovers, and orbiters, have contributed to our understanding of Mars over the years.
