* The gravitational force would double.

Why?

Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation states:

F = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2

Where:

* F is the gravitational force

* G is the gravitational constant

* m1 and m2 are the masses of the two objects

* r is the distance between their centers

If you double the mass of the Sun (m1), you are directly doubling the value of the force (F). The distance between the Earth and the Sun (r) remains the same.

Important Note: Doubling the Sun's mass would have significant consequences for the Earth. It would likely result in:

* A much hotter Earth: A more massive Sun would be much brighter and hotter.

* A shorter year: The Earth's orbital speed would increase due to the stronger gravitational pull, making the year shorter.

* Potential instability: The increased gravitational pull could destabilize the Earth's orbit, leading to unpredictable changes.