The idea that the Earth revolves around the Sun, known as the heliocentric model, was proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus in his book "De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium" (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) published in 1543.

While Copernicus was not the first to suggest this idea, his work provided a detailed mathematical model that supported the heliocentric view and challenged the long-held geocentric model (the belief that the Earth was the center of the universe).

It's important to note that Copernicus's theory was met with significant opposition, and it wasn't until much later, thanks to the work of Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler, that the heliocentric model became widely accepted.