The idea that the Sun revolves around the Earth, known as the geocentric model, was challenged by many individuals throughout history. However, the most prominent figure who convincingly argued for the heliocentric model (Earth revolving around the Sun) was Nicolaus Copernicus.

Here's a breakdown:

* Ancient Greece: While the geocentric model was prevalent, thinkers like Aristarchus of Samos (310-230 BC) proposed a heliocentric model. However, his ideas were not widely accepted.

* Medieval Period: Islamic astronomers like Al-Battani and Al-Biruni made significant observations that contradicted the geocentric model, but their ideas were not widely accepted in Europe.

* Renaissance: Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) published his groundbreaking book "De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium" (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) in 1543, which presented compelling mathematical and observational evidence for the heliocentric model. This book challenged the existing geocentric view and became a pivotal point in the scientific revolution.

While Copernicus's heliocentric model was not immediately accepted, it sparked further research and ultimately led to its acceptance by the scientific community. Other influential figures who supported and expanded on Copernicus's work include Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler.