Here's a breakdown:

* What happens: The moon passes directly between the sun and Earth, casting a shadow on Earth.

* Types: There are three types of solar eclipses:

* Total Solar Eclipse: The moon completely covers the sun, making it appear completely dark for a few minutes.

* Partial Solar Eclipse: The moon only partially covers the sun, creating a crescent-shaped sun.

* Annular Solar Eclipse: The moon is farther away from Earth, so it appears smaller than the sun, leaving a bright ring of sunlight visible around the moon.

Important Note: Never look directly at the sun during a solar eclipse without proper eye protection. Doing so can cause serious and permanent eye damage. Special solar eclipse glasses or viewers are required to safely observe the eclipse.