Flyby missions:
* Luna 1 (USSR, 1959): First spacecraft to pass by the Moon.
* Luna 2 (USSR, 1959): First spacecraft to impact the Moon.
* Luna 3 (USSR, 1959): First spacecraft to photograph the far side of the Moon.
* Pioneer 4 (USA, 1959): First US spacecraft to flyby the Moon.
* Ranger 3, 4, 5 (USA, 1962): Intended to photograph the Moon before impacting, but failed.
* Ranger 6, 7, 8, 9 (USA, 1964-1965): Successfully photographed the Moon before impacting.
Orbiters:
* Luna 10 (USSR, 1966): First spacecraft to orbit the Moon.
* Lunar Orbiter series (USA, 1966-1967): Mapped the Moon for landing sites.
* Clementine (USA, 1994): First mission to map the Moon in multiple wavelengths.
* Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO, USA, 2009): Currently orbiting the Moon, mapping and studying its surface.
* Chandrayaan-1 (India, 2008): Mapped the Moon's surface, discovered water ice.
* Chang'e 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (China, 2007-2020): Orbited the Moon for various studies and landing site selection.
* Kaguya (Japan, 2007): Studied the Moon's gravity field and its interior.
Landers:
* Luna 9 (USSR, 1966): First spacecraft to soft-land on the Moon.
* Surveyor series (USA, 1966-1968): Successfully landed on the Moon and took photographs.
* Luna 16, 20, 24 (USSR, 1969-1976): Returned lunar samples to Earth.
* Apollo 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17 (USA, 1969-1972): Landed humans on the Moon.
* Chang'e 3 (China, 2013): First spacecraft to soft-land on the Moon since the Soviet Union.
* Chandrayaan-2 (India, 2019): Landed a rover on the Moon.
* Chang'e 4 (China, 2019): First spacecraft to land on the Moon's far side.
* Chang'e 5 (China, 2020): Returned lunar samples to Earth.
* Luna 25 (Russia, 2023): Intended to land on the Moon, but crashed.
This list is not exhaustive, but it highlights some of the most significant missions to the Moon. For a more comprehensive list, you can consult websites like NASA's Lunar Exploration website or the Planetary Society.
There are also many future missions planned, such as NASA's Artemis program which aims to send humans back to the Moon and establish a permanent presence there.
