1. Luminosity: This refers to the total amount of energy a star emits per unit time. It's essentially how much power the star produces. A star's luminosity depends on its size and temperature. Larger and hotter stars have higher luminosities.
2. Distance: While a star's luminosity is its inherent brightness, the apparent brightness we see from Earth is affected by its distance. The further away a star is, the fainter it appears, even if it has a high luminosity.
So, even though two stars might have the same luminosity, the one closer to us will appear brighter.
