* National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA): NASA is the primary agency for space exploration and aeronautics, and it heavily invests in astronomical research. It funds missions like the Hubble Space Telescope, the James Webb Space Telescope, and numerous other space-based observatories.
* National Science Foundation (NSF): The NSF is the primary federal agency supporting non-medical research and education in science and engineering. It funds ground-based observatories like the Very Large Array (VLA) and supports a wide range of astronomical research projects through grants and awards.
