Here's a brief overview:
* Ancient Greeks: While not entirely accurate, some Greek philosophers like Aristarchus of Samos (310–230 BC) proposed a heliocentric model (Sun-centered) where the Earth revolved around the Sun.
* The Ptolemaic Model: The prevailing model for over 1400 years was the geocentric model proposed by Claudius Ptolemy in the 2nd century AD. This model placed the Earth at the center of the universe with the Sun and other planets revolving around it.
* Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543): Copernicus is often credited with reviving the heliocentric model, but his theory remained controversial. His work, "De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium" (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres), was published after his death.
* Galileo Galilei (1564-1642): Galileo's observations with the telescope provided evidence supporting the heliocentric model. He observed the phases of Venus, which could only be explained by Venus orbiting the Sun. His findings led to conflict with the Church, which supported the geocentric view.
* Johannes Kepler (1571-1630): Kepler further developed the heliocentric model by proposing three laws of planetary motion. These laws described the elliptical orbits of planets around the Sun.
* Isaac Newton (1643-1727): Newton's law of universal gravitation explained why planets orbit the Sun and provided a mathematical foundation for the heliocentric model.
In conclusion, the discovery of the Sun being stationary and the Earth moving was a process that involved many scientists and their contributions over several centuries.