* Turbulence: The air in our atmosphere is constantly moving and churning, creating pockets of different densities.
* Light Bending: As starlight travels through these pockets, it gets bent (refracted) in different directions.
* Varying Intensity: This bending causes the light to reach our eyes in a fluctuating way, making the star appear to twinkle or flicker.
Think of it like this: Imagine looking at a star through a glass of water. The water's movement and unevenness will make the light from the star appear to dance and flicker.
Note: This flickering effect is more noticeable for stars lower in the sky because their light has to travel through more of the atmosphere.