Here's why:
* The Tropic of Capricorn: This is the southernmost latitude where the sun can be directly overhead at noon. This occurs during the December solstice, marking the start of winter in the Northern Hemisphere.
* The Arctic Circle: This is the northernmost latitude where the sun can remain above the horizon for 24 hours during the summer solstice and below the horizon for 24 hours during the winter solstice.
* Earth's Tilt: The Earth's axis is tilted at approximately 23.5 degrees. This tilt causes different parts of the world to receive varying amounts of sunlight throughout the year. During the December solstice, the Southern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun, while the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away.
Therefore, when the sun is directly overhead at the Tropic of Capricorn, the Northern Hemisphere experiences its shortest period of daylight, and places on the Arctic Circle experience 24 hours of darkness.
