1. The speed of the wave: The faster the wave travels, the shorter its wavelength. This is because the wave is covering more distance in the same amount of time, so the crests and troughs are closer together.

2. The frequency of the wave: The higher the frequency of the wave, the shorter its wavelength. This is because more waves are passing a given point in a given amount of time, so the crests and troughs are closer together.

The relationship between these factors is described by the following equation:

wavelength = speed / frequency

Here's a breakdown:

* Speed: The speed of a wave depends on the medium it is traveling through. For example, light travels faster in a vacuum than in water.

* Frequency: Frequency refers to the number of waves that pass a given point in a given amount of time. It is measured in Hertz (Hz), which is one wave per second.

Examples:

* Light waves: Different colors of light have different wavelengths. Red light has the longest wavelength, while violet light has the shortest wavelength.

* Sound waves: Higher-pitched sounds have a higher frequency and shorter wavelength, while lower-pitched sounds have a lower frequency and longer wavelength.

In summary:

Wavelength is inversely proportional to both the speed and frequency of a wave. This means that as one of these factors increases, the other decreases, while the wavelength changes accordingly.