The idea that the moon, sun, and planets moved in circular orbits around Earth is known as the geocentric model. This model was developed by ancient Greek astronomers, most notably Aristotle (384-322 BC) and Ptolemy (c. 100-170 AD).

While Aristotle is credited with proposing the fundamental idea of a geocentric universe, Ptolemy is famous for developing a sophisticated mathematical model, outlined in his book "Almagest", which accurately predicted the positions of celestial bodies for centuries.

It is important to note that the geocentric model was widely accepted for over 1,400 years until it was challenged by Nicolaus Copernicus in the 16th century with his heliocentric model, which placed the Sun at the center of the solar system.