The Moon experiences large temperature changes because it lacks an atmosphere. The Moon's surface is directly exposed to the Sun's radiation, which can heat it up to 250 degrees Fahrenheit (120 degrees Celsius) during the day. However, at night, the Moon can cool down to -280 degrees Fahrenheit (-170 degrees Celsius) because there is no atmosphere to insulate it.

In contrast, the Earth has an atmosphere, which helps to regulate the temperature. The atmosphere traps heat from the Sun, which prevents the Earth's surface from getting too hot during the day. It also helps to keep the Earth's surface from getting too cold at night.