The planet with the shortest period of rotation is Jupiter, which takes only 9 hours and 56 minutes to complete one full rotation around its axis. This rapid rotation is thought to be a result of Jupiter's large size and the fast-moving gas that makes up its atmosphere.

On the other hand, the planet with the longest period of rotation is Venus, which takes 243 Earth days to complete one rotation. This extremely slow rotation is thought to be a result of Venus's thick atmosphere, which creates a strong resistance to the planet's rotation.