- First successful flyby of Mars

- Provided first close-up images of the Martian surface

- Discovered that Mars has a thin atmosphere

2. Mariner 6 & 7 (1969)

- Dual mission that conducted flybys of Mars

- Obtained higher-resolution images of the Martian surface

- Confirmed the presence of a thin atmosphere

3. Mariner 9 (1971-1972)

- First spacecraft to orbit Mars

- Provided a global view of the Martian surface

- Discovered water ice at the Martian poles

- First spacecraft to successfully aerobrake into orbit in another planet.

4. Viking 1(1976-1982) + Viking 2 (1975-1980)

- Dual lander missions that successfully landed on Mars

- Returned the first color images of the Martian surface

- Conducted experiments to search for life on Mars

5. Mars Global Surveyor (1996-2006)

- Orbited Mars and produced detailed maps of the Martian surface

- Discovered evidence of past water activity on Mars

6. Mars Odyssey (2001-present)

- Orbiter that has been studying the Martian surface and atmosphere

- Discovered water ice underground near the Martian poles

7. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (2006-present)

- High-resolution orbiter that has obtained detailed images of the Martian surface

- Discovered numerous features that suggest past water activity

8. Curiosity (2012-present)

- Advanced lander that explored an area of Mars with past water activity

- Discovered organic molecules in Martian soil

9. InSight (2018-2023)

- Stationary lander that studied the interior structure of Mars

- Deployed a seismometer and heat flow probe

10.Perseverance (2020-present)

- Landed in Jezero Crater

- Collected sample tubes that NASA aims to bring back to Earth

All these spacecrafts contributed with new data and helped scientists around the world understand Mars even better.