1. Celestial Observations: Chinese astronomers made detailed observations of the night sky and phenomena like eclipses, comets, and planetary positions. They kept meticulous records of these celestial events, which aided in understanding celestial patterns.

2. Lunar and Solar Eclipses: Chinese astronomers were among the earliest to accurately predict lunar and solar eclipses using mathematical formulas. They calculated the timing and frequency of these events based on their observational data.

3. Constellation Mapping: Chinese astronomers created elaborate constellation maps, mapping out the positions of stars and asterisms. They divided the sky into certain regions and associated them with mythical creatures or symbols.

4. Comet Observations: Chinese texts contain extensive records of comet sightings. They were able to identify the paths and characteristics of various comets, noting their appearances, durations, and movements across the sky.

5. Supernovae Records: Chinese astronomers documented several supernovae explosions, including the famous Crab Nebula supernova in 1054. These observations provided crucial evidence for the existence and behavior of these celestial events.

6. Cosmological Models: Ancient Chinese astronomers developed cosmological models to explain the structure of the universe. These models typically involved a flat, circular Earth at the center surrounded by celestial bodies.

7. Astronomical Instruments: Chinese astronomers invented several astronomical instruments to aid their observations, such as the渾儀(armillary sphere),渾象(celestial globe), and星圖(star charts).

8. Calendrical Systems: Chinese astronomers created sophisticated calendars based on both solar and lunar cycles. These calendars were used to track time, predict seasons, and guide agricultural practices.

9. Influence on Mathematics: Astronomical studies inspired advancements in mathematics, particularly in the areas of trigonometry, geometry, and computational methods.

10. Star Catalogues: Chinese astronomers compiled star catalogues detailing the positions, brightness, and colors of thousands of stars. These catalogues were foundational in further studies of the universe.

These discoveries and contributions made by Chinese astronomers over centuries played a significant role in advancing astronomical knowledge and shaping the historical development of astronomy worldwide.