If a black hole has a mass similar to that of a star, it can form an accretion disk, a structure of gas and matter that swirls around the black hole due to the black hole's gravity. Within this accretion disk, planets can form in a similar way to how planets form in stellar systems.
The gravitational forces exerted by a black hole are similar to those of a star, and the laws of physics that govern the motion of planets around a central object apply equally to both stars and black holes. Therefore, planets can orbit black holes in a stable manner, just like they orbit stars.
However, it is essential to note that the extreme conditions near a black hole, such as intense gravitational forces and potential disruptions from high-energy processes, could impact the stability and characteristics of planets orbiting the black hole.