Here are their techniques:

1. Thermal Uplift:

- Turkey vultures locate columns of warm rising air called thermals.

- As they circle within a thermal, the warm air provides lift, allowing them to ascend.

2. Dihedral Effect:

- Their wings have a slight bend or dihedral, which creates a pressure difference between the air's upper and lower wing surfaces. This generates lift even in weak updraft conditions.

3. Aspect Ratio:

- Turkey vultures' wings are long and narrow, giving them a high aspect ratio. This shape reduces induced drag, allowing them to glide efficiently with minimal wing flapping. Once they gain enough altitude in thermals, their large wingspan enables horizontal gliding over long distances.

4. Wing Configuration:

- In soaring flight, they hold their wings spread out in a slight "V" shape to catch rising air currents without losing too much energy. They adjust their wing angles to maximize lift and avoid stalling.

5. Efficient Energy Conservation:

- In between climbs, vultures use various tactics, such as gliding with the wind, making small adjustments without losing altitude, and utilizing updrafts along ridges or hillsides. Their flight strategy allows them to cover wide areas while searching for food without expending excess energy.